Botanical formulation for treating sickle cell disease

ABSTRACT

An improved plant medicament composition, comprising an extract of Sorghum bicolor plant material for treating sickle cell disease is described. A method for the preparation of said composition having the property of inhibiting sickle cells is also provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation Application of prior U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/798,524, filed Apr. 6, 2010, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of botanical formulations, botanical compositions and botanical extracts, particularly as it relates to the phytodrug, prodrug or plant medicament for the treatment and management of sickle cell disease and methods of preparing and using same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder, affecting over 75,000 people in the United States. Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects over twenty million people throughout the world and is particularly common among those whose ancestors come from sub-Saharan Africa, Spanish-speaking regions in the Western Hemisphere (South America, the Caribbean, and Central America), Saudi Arabia, India, and Mediterranean countries such as Turkey, Greece, and Italy.

In the US, those with SCD have an average mortality in their 40s, a poor quality of life and high medical costs. In SCD, a mutation in .beta.-globin (glu6val) causes deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (deoxy-HbS) to form insoluble polymers inside red blood cells (RBCs), which deforms the RBCs into rigid shapes or sickle cells that occlude capillaries and small blood vessels. The only disease-modifying drug approved for use in SCD patients is hydroxyurea, an anti-cancer drug. Not all patients respond to hydroxyurea, and it can be poorly tolerated causing myelosuppression in some patients. Despite extensive studies on SCD by researchers over several decades, there has been little progress in the development of additional disease modifying agents. Therefore, new, safer and more effective therapeutic anti-sickling agents are needed to treat patients with SCD, particularly children, which could improve the quality of life, increase the life expectancies of sufferers of this disease, and reduce the estimated 100,000 hospitalizations and $500 million in direct hospital costs due to sickle cell disease in the United States. Sickle cell disease occurs in about 1 in every 500 African American births, and about 1 in 12 African Americans has sickle cell trait. The morbidity and mortality factors associated with sickle cell disease are well known and the acute and chronic trauma of the painful episodes is indescribable. In view of these realities, there is a desperate need for drugs or agents that could alleviate and mitigate the effects of this terrible disease.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,819 describes a composition requiring extracts from at least four plant materials for treating sickle cell disease. U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,819 does not describe Sorghum bicolor, per se, having anti-sickling activity nor measure the anti-sickling activity of Sorghum bicolor. It only describes the anti-sickling activity of the four ingredients mixed together. The present invention provides a distinctly different and improved plant formulation using Sorghum bicolor plant material, per se, that shows potent anti-sickling activity against human sickle cells and is simpler to formulate.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

It is an object of this invention to provide an improved and efficacious botanical medicament for the treatment and management of sickle cell disease.

It is an additional object of this invention to provide a method for the preparation of an improved plant formulation and preparation for the treatment and management of sickle cell disease.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention will become obvious from the detailed description of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Various objects and advantages of the invention are achieved by preparing a botanical formulation comprising an extraction obtained from Sorghum bicolor plant, without the use of, or extraction from, any other plant, said extraction from Sorghum bicolor plant being effective against sickle cell disease. The Sorghum bicolor plant, alone, has not been previously shown to contain anti-sickling activity or anti-sickling compounds. The formulation could be administered in any suitable form such as a tablet, capsule, suspension, solution, powder, and the like, to treat sickle cell disease and may further comprise any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and excipients well known to a skilled artisan in the field to which this invention belongs.

A method for preparing a botanical composition, comprises the steps of:

(i) obtaining an extract having anti-sickling activity from Sorghum bicolor plant material; and

(ii) preparing said extract in a suitable form for treating sickle cells.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable,” as used herein, refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of patients without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and are effective for the intended use.

A typical procedure for extraction using Sorghum bicolor plant material is now set forth. Sorghum bicolor seeds were grown under normal green house conditions. Canadian pot mixture fortified with anhydrous ferric chloride (10 mg/pot) was used as the growth medium. Watering was done with tap water once a week. Every month the leaves were removed and air-dried. The dried leaves were extracted with aqueous sodium bicarbonate (7.4% concentration W/V at a pH ranging from about 8 to about 8.3) by stirring for about 8 hrs at normal ambient temperature. It should be noted that other buffers or extractants, neutral, organic or inorganic, at different pH could be employed to extract the anti-sickling activity from Sorghum bicolor. The extraction process is not limited to sodium bicarbonate or the pH range of 8.0-8.3. The method described herein is only a preferred embodiment of the extraction process. It should also be noted that the manner in which the plant is grown, including but not limited to the soil type, fertility and soil pH may also vary from the method described herein and would influence the amount of antisickling activity in the extract obtained from the plant material. The degree to which plants could vary in the accumulation of natural products that may provide medicinal, therapeutic and biological activity is well known to skilled artisans and the ability to standardize the extract to ensure pharmacologically efficacious activity by any suitable method is included in this invention, the bioassay described herein being only an example.

The extract was allowed to settle, and then decanted, filtered, centrifuged and freeze-dried.

The freeze-dried material was thoroughly blended to form a uniform mixture, which could be formulated in any suitable form, such as tablets, granules, capsules, suspensions, solutions, and the like, by well known methods. Buffers, emollients, additives, supplements, preservatives, inactive ingredients, fillers, and the like, well known to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, could be added to any formulation prepared by using the Sorghum bicolor extract.

Chemical analyses of extracts from several Sorghum bicolor varieties obtained from various sources were carried out using HPLC. The sickle cell bioassay was carried out by using blood removed from a sickle cell subject and exposed to the extract in vitro to measure antisickling activity employing counting and imaging techniques as described in Iyamu, et al, British Journal of Hematology, (2002), 118: 337-343.

The results shown in Table 1 indicate that Sorghum bicolor extract, without using plant material from any other source, has potent antisickling activity, having as much as five-fold greater anti-sickling efficacy against human sickle cells, compared to the prior art formulation disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,819.

It should be noted that the guidance, illustrations and examples provided herein are only illustrative and not limiting, and various alternate embodiments, modifications or manipulations of the present invention would be suggested to a skilled artisan and these are included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims.

TABLE 1 COMPARATIVE RESULTS OF SICKLE CELL BIOASSAY Solvent used for Origin of Bio-Assay concentration Sorghum (% of cells still Name of sample Sample ID at pH 8-8.3 Bicolor seed Sample description sickled) Sorghum Bicolor XC-214-41-IS2724 Sod. Bi Carb India IS2724 1 month old leaves 23% Sorghum Bicolor IS2724-4L Sod. Bi Carb India IS2724 4 month old leaves 38% Sorghum Bicolor IS2724-ML-5 Sod. Bi Carb India IS2724 5 month old leaves 32% Sorghum Bicolor IS2724-IF-4 Sod. Bi Carb India IS2724 inflorescent leaves 16% Sorghum Bicolor IS2724-SD-5 Sod. Bi Carb India IS2724 ground seeds 62% Sorghum Bicolor IS2724-ST-5 Sod. Bi Carb India IS2724 stem 63% Sorghum Bicolor XC-214-41-FF Sod. Bi Carb India Fara Fara 1 month old leaves 36% Sorghum Bicolor XC-214-41-Red Sod. Bi Carb India Red Hagari 1 month old leaves 23% Sorghum Bicolor PI48771-02-SD Sod. Bi Carb South Africa 1 month old green leaves 52% Sorghum Bicolor XC-214-38-sb4g Sod. Bi Carb South Africa 4 month old green leaves 32% Sorghum Bicolor XC-214-42-SA6 Sod. Bi Carb South Africa 6 month old green leaves 24% Sorghum Bicolor PI586787-01-SD Sod. Bi Carb Unknown Origin 4 month old green leaves 42% Sorghum Bicolor PI513794-01-SD Sod. Bi Carb Niger 4 month old green leaves 60% Sorghum Bicolor PI155889-01-SD Sod. Bi Carb Tanzania 4 month old green leaves 64% Sorghum Bicolor PI287617-01-SD Sod. Bi Carb Zimbabwe 4 month old green leaves 53% Sorghum Bicolor PI284971-01-SD Sod. Bi Carb Argentina 4 month old green leaves 51% Sorghum Bicolor PI810693-01-SD Sod. Bi Carb China 4 month old green leaves 54% Sorghum Bicolor PI585454-01-SD Sod. Bi Carb Ghana 4 month old green leaves 28% Sorghum Bicolor XC-214-41-Nunba Sod. Bi Carb Nigeria Nunaba, 1 month old leaves 24% Sorghum Bicolor XC-214-41-Nig2 Sod. Bi Carb Nigeria 2 month old green leaves 16% Sorghum Bicolor XC-214-41-Nig6 Sod. Bi Carb Nigeria 6 month old green leaves 26% Nicosan U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,819 Potash Nigeria Nicosan from Nigeria 88% Control-Buffer Ctr 500 0 97% Control-Buffer Ctr 500 0 98% 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of treating sickle cell disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising an extract from dried Sorghum bicolor leaves, without using material from any other plant, said extract having anti-sickling activity, and wherein said extract is from an aqueous sodium bicarbonate extraction in a pH range of 8 to 8.3 of dried Sorghum bicolor leaves.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and excipients.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said extract is formulated as a solution, suspension, powder, tablet or capsule.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said extract comprises a solution, suspension, or powder.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said aqueous sodium bicarbonate extract of dried Sorghum bicolor leaves having anti-sickling activity inhibits sickling of human red blood cells in a sickle cell bioassay and does not contain material from any other plant, wherein said extract exhibits five-fold greater anti-sickling activity than a composition disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,819 comprising an extract of four plant materials Piper guineenses seeds, Pterocarpus osun stem, Eugenia caryophyllum fruit, Sorghum bicolor leaves, and potash.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said four plant materials and potash contain from 12 to 17 parts by weight Piper guineenses seeds, from 15 to 19 parts by weight Pterpcarpus osun stem, from 12 to 18 parts by weight Eugenia caryophyllum fruit, from 25 to 32 parts by weight Sorghum bicolor leaves, and from 15 to 22 parts by weight potash.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is prepared in a process comprising: (i) obtaining an aqueous sodium bicarbonate extract in a pH range of 8 to 8.3 from dried Sorghum bicolor leaves, said extract having anti-sickling activity; and (ii) preparing said extract in a suitable form selected from tablet, granules, capsule, suspension, solution, or powder for treating sickle cell disease.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the composition is prepared in a process further comprising: (i) extracting dried Sorghum bicolor leaves with essentially 7.4% weight by volume aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate at a pH ranging from 8.0 to 8.3 by stirring for 8 hr at ambient temperature; (ii) allowing the extract to settle, then decanting, filtering, centrifuging and freeze drying the resulting material; and (iii) thoroughly blending the freeze dried material to form a uniform mixture.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the composition is prepared in a process further comprising adding a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient to said mixture; and employing said blended uniform mixture in a powder, tablet, capsule, granular or suspension form for inhibiting sickling of human red blood cells. 